During the Step 7 Final Air Brake Check (with the engine running at operating RPM), how quickly should air pressure build in a dual air brake system, and between what two pressure points?

AAMVA CDL Manual, Section 5, subsection 5.3.3 (Step 7 Final Air Brake Check, 'Check Rate of Air Pressure Buildup'), p. 5-7; 49 CFR 383.111(b)(5) (pre-trip inspection procedures)

This buildup-time check catches a weak or failing air compressor before it becomes a road emergency, since a compressor that can't keep pace with air usage will eventually leave a driver without enough pressure to brake. It's one of the checks drivers perform during the pre-trip air brake inspection.